Mirabolano 29C: obtenção de portaenxertos clonais por mergulhia aérea.

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Avaliação Biológica de Viroses em Plantas Matrizes e Mudas de Batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas).

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Microscopia eletrônica de varredura.

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B fields in OB stars (BOB): low-resolution FORS2 spectropolarimetry of the first sample of 50 massive stars

Within the context of the collaboration "B fields in OB stars (BOB)", we used the FORS2 low-resolution spectropolarimeter to search for a magnetic field in 50 massive stars, including two reference magnetic massive stars. Because of the many controversies of magnetic field detections obtained with the FORS instruments, we derived the magnetic field values with two completely independent reduction and analysis pipelines. We compare and discuss the results obtained from the two pipelines. We obtained a general good agreement, indicating that most of the discrepancies on magnetic field detections reported in the literature are caused by the interpretation of the significance of the results (i.e., 3-4 sigma detections considered as genuine, or not), instead of by significant differences in the derived magnetic field values. By combining our results with past FORS1 measurements of HD46328, we improve the estimate of the stellar rotation period, obtaining P = 2.17950+/-0.00009 days. For HD125823, our FORS2 measurements do not fit the available magnetic field model, based on magnetic field values obtained 30 years ago. We repeatedly detect a magnetic field for the O9.7V star HD54879, the HD164492C massive binary, and the He-rich star CPD -57 3509. We obtain a magnetic field detection rate of 6+/-4%, while by considering only the apparently slow rotators we derive a detection rate of 8+/-5%, both comparable with what was previously reported by other similar surveys. We are left with the intriguing result that, although the large majority of magnetic massive stars is rotating slowly, our detection rate is not a strong function of the stellar rotational velocity.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables; accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysic

Procedimento de visualização e avaliação do fungo Darluca filum em folhas de ameixeira, utilizando microscopia eletrônica.

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Evidence of magnetic field decay in massive main-sequence stars

A significant fraction of massive main-sequence stars show strong, large-scale magnetic fields. The origin of these fields, their lifetimes, and their role in shaping the characteristics and evolution of massive stars are currently not well understood. We compile a catalogue of 389 massive main-sequence stars, 61 of which are magnetic, and derive their fundamental parameters and ages. The two samples contain stars brighter than magnitude 9 in the V band and range in mass between 5 and 100 Msun. We find that the fractional main-sequence age distribution of all considered stars follows what is expected for a magnitude limited sample, while that of magnetic stars shows a clear decrease towards the end of the main sequence. This dearth of old magnetic stars is independent of the choice of adopted stellar evolution tracks, and appears to become more prominent when considering only the most massive stars. We show that the decreasing trend in the distribution is significantly stronger than expected from magnetic flux conservation. We also find that binary rejuvenation and magnetic suppression of core convection are unlikely to be responsible for the observed lack of older magnetic massive stars, and conclude that its most probable cause is the decay of the magnetic field, over a time span longer than the stellar lifetime for the lowest considered masses, and shorter for the highest masses. We then investigate the spin-down ages of the slowly rotating magnetic massive stars and find them to exceed the stellar ages by far in many cases. The high fraction of very slowly rotating magnetic stars thus provides an independent argument for a decay of the magnetic fields.Comment: Accepted for publication on A&A; 9 pages, 8 figure

Effects due to a scalar coupling on the particle-antiparticle production in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory

The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau formalism with vector and scalar potentials is used to point out a few misconceptions diffused in the literature. It is explicitly shown that the scalar coupling makes the DKP formalism not equivalent to the Klein-Gordon formalism or to the Proca formalism, and that the spin-1 sector of the DKP theory looks formally like the spin-0 sector. With proper boundary conditions, scattering of massive bosons in an arbitrary mixed vector-scalar square step potential is explored in a simple way and effects due to the scalar coupling on the particle-antiparticle production and localization of bosons are analyzed in some detail

Hybrid metaheuristic for combinatorial optimization based on immune network for optimization and VNS

Metaheuristics for optimization based on the immune network theory are often highlighted by being able to maintain the diversity of candidate solutions present in the population, allowing a greater coverage of the search space. This work, however, shows that algorithms derived from the aiNET family for the solution of combinatorial problems may not present an adequate strategy for search space exploration, leading to premature convergence in local minimums. In order to solve this issue, a hybrid metaheuristic called VNS-aiNET is proposed, integrating aspects of the COPT-aiNET algorithm with characteristics of the trajectory metaheuristic Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS), as well as a new fitness function, which makes it possible to escape from local minima and enables it to a greater exploration of the search space. The proposed metaheuristic is evaluated using a scheduling problem widely studied in the literature. The performed experiments show that the proposed hybrid metaheuristic presents a convergence superior to two approaches of the aiNET family and to the reference algorithms of the literature. In contrast, the solutions present in the resulting immunological memory have less diversity when compared to the aiNET family approaches